Stephen Gaalema, Ph.D., has 30 years experience in analog and mixed signal integrated circuit design and related system development. At Black Forest Engineering, he’s helped develop 190+ custom integrated circuits for visible, IR, and x-ray image sensing and display. Previously employed at Hughes Aircraft Co., Gaalema was more recently chief engineer of Hughes Microelectronics Center, Carlsbad, California. At the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, he developed a spacecraft precision pointing and tracking system using large-area charged-coupled device image sensors. Gaalema received a BS with honors in physics, MSEE and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering, and is listed as inventor on 22 patents.